O.P.Sheichenko, V.I.Sheichenko, O.N.Tolkachev, O.N.Isaev, T.F.Tsar kova;M; All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Moscow; All-Russian Technological Institute of Plant Breeding and Gardening, Moscow, Russia
Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) and crude drugs from it, using in traditional and officinal (orthodoxal) medicines, attract last years great attention of the scientists of many countries as the source for production of various biologically active substances, pharmaceutical forms, vitamins, dietary products and food additives. The basic organs for their preparation are fruits, seeds and leaves of the plants (fatty oil, juice etc.). Biologically active principals of Seabuckthorn are vitamins, carotenoids, lipids, containing essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), flavonoids, tannins etc. In All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants there were found as a result of perennial systematic research work, that the leaf extracts possess a high antiviral activity, while the active principals of polyphenol fraction were hydrolysable gallo- and ellagi-tannins (strictinin, isostrictinin, casuarinin, casuarictin, pedunkulagin etc.). A new antiviral drug Hiporamin was worked out at the basis of these substances, active in respect of viruses of Influenza, Herpes, adenoviruses, pathogenic bacteria and fungi. These substances were also found to inhibit some viruses of fruit-trees.
Due to considerable difficulties of manual purchase of Seabuckthorn leaves in the commercial scale for the drug production there has been worked out a mutual project of two institutes on the optimal conditions of the purchase of green herbaceous shoots of Seabuckthorn and to find out their suitability for Hiporamin production. Therefore a comparative study of tannin contents in green herbaceous shoots and leaves, dependently on the size of cuttings of the shoots, kept in different vegetation periods, age of plants, as well as sex of plants and eco-geographic factors, are of the significant interest. Forming cuts were carried out with two populations of Seabuckthorn Chuiskaya and Podarok sadu .
As a result there has been found a definite dependence of the mass of the green vegetative source accumulation and the length of the shoots, producing the maximal yield of the vegetative mass, dynamics of the tannin fraction accumulation as well as the total tannin content in the polyphenol fraction. There were found that the tannin fraction yields were from 34.3 to 39.4 % dependendly the period of the plant vegetation. The yields fluctuations at 8-age and 5-age-old plants were less noticeable and were 29.29-23,84 %. Otherwise the tannin fraction yields were dependent on the shoots length. Short cuts (up to 7 cm) yield 27.1-31.1 % of tannin fraction, medium cuts (up to 14 cm) give 25.04-30.65 % of the key fraction, while long cuts (up to 21 cm) 23.62-28.35 %. The yield of the tannin fraction was also dependent on the period of shoots purchase, the latter being dependent on the on the ratio of leaves and stems in the vegetation mass, containing cuts of a definite size and age of shoots with the predominant accumulation of tannins in leaves.
On purchase of short cuts the maximal yield of the drug was noted at the end of the phase of intense growth (the first decade of August) or in the middle of intense growth period. There was mentioned a reverse correlation of the drug yield with the length of the shoots.
Tendency of the seasonal dynamics of tannin accumulation in drug and in dry leaves were approximately the same. The highest content of the tannin fraction in the plant (on dry weight) was found in the first part of July in all variants, while dependently on shoots length it was within 18.0-20.9 %, the maximum was found in the first part of July. But at the end of intense growth phase there was found its diminishing.
Dynamics of tannin accumulation in the vegetation period was in a considerable degree dependent on the length of the shoot cuts. In short shoots (7 cm) there were found a smooth increase of the tannin contents up to the middle of July, while in August there was found some tendency to its diminishing. In shoots (up to 14 cm) there were shown uneven change of tannin accumulation, the maximum being reached in the first decade of July. The analysis of 21 cm shoots has confirmed the more high total tannin content up to middle July, while up to August some diminish was mentioned. Thus the maximal accumulation of the total tannins occurs at the phase of intense growth, following its diminishing. There was not found a strict difference in tannin content in the plant source and in the tannin fraction dependently the age of plants (2-8 years). From the experimental data one can see the yield of the drug from leaves and the shoots in different populations of Seabuckthorn, while the were not found marked differences in results produced for different populations and the samples of different ages.
amics of tannin accumulation in the vegetation period was in a considerable degree dependent on the length of the shoot cuts. In short shoots (7 cm) there were found a smooth increase of the tannin contents up to the middle of July, while in August there was found some tendency to its diminishing. In shoots (up to 14 cm) there were shown uneven change of tannin accumulation, the maximum being reached in the first decade of July. The analysis of 21 cm shoots has confirmed the more high total tannin content up to middle July, while up to August some diminish was mentioned. Thus the maximal accumulation of the total tannins occurs at the phase of intense growth, following its diminishing. There was not found a strict difference in tannin content in the plant source and in the tannin fraction dependently the age of plants (2-8 years). From the experimental data one can see the yield of the drug from leaves and the shoots in different populations of Seabuckthorn, while the were not found marked differences in results produced for different populations and the samples of different ages.Titel des Vortrages: Study on the female flower bud development